Literary translation problems:.
1-Untranslatability:
The problem of untranslatability between Arabic and English is very obvious due to the fact that both languages are culturally and linguistically distant Arabic is Semitic language, whereas English is an Indo-European language.
Translation from classical Arabic to modern English may even pose more untranslable possibilities.
Nida (1964:160) argues that ''where the linguistic and cultural distances between source and receptor codes are least, one should expect to encounter the least number of serious problems''. Thus, one should expect a greater of untranslatability between Arabic and English.
2- culture different
Culture is complex collection of experiences, which includes history, social norms, religion….etc.
A good translator needs to be not only bilingual but also bi cultural, because culture effect vocabulary and structure.
In addition a good translator should trace cultural points and project them in the translated work.
Even the climate has its input in translation.
Just compare the sentence ''This news has warmed my heart' 'and its version in Arabic:
لقد أثلجت صدري بهذا الخبر
When you translate, you should read between the lines, looking for cultural a speech.
For example:
Snow is a part of the Eskimos life. There are different words to identify different kinds of snow.
طلق الرجل زوجته بالثلاثة وحرص على أن تصلها ورقتها في أقرب وقت.
The wife got an absolute (irrevocable) divorce by her husband who made sure the she received her bill of divorce as soon as possible.
For example
Love me, love my dog.
In translation this proverb ….the translator should be careful …because literally translation is unacceptable in Arabic culture
أحبني أحب كلبي and it form a big an insult for Arabic people…
But we can solve this problem by finding a fit equivalence in
لأجل الورد ينسقى العليق Arabic language and culture such as :
The lexical and semantic differences :
The lexical and semantic differences between
Arabic and English constitute a major problem in the translating process. Thus, translators are required to pay meticulous attention to word selection and semantic relations between the two languages.
For example:
The problem here is not with Arabic as much it is with English.
English is loaded with meaning. A word in English can refer to different unrelated things as in the following examples:
Spring 1- A place where water comes naturally from the ). ground
2- The season between winter and summer.
3- A length of metal wound a round, which tends to push, pull, or twist against a force and return to its original shape
Bank 1- where people deposit their money .
2-the riverside.
4- idioms: one of the problems we have with idioms is that we cannot guess the meaning from the word they contain. For example:
But as يحرق القوارب ''To burn the boats'' is not translated as also ((To smell a rat)) is not translated as
((يقطع خط الرجعة))
. (( يساوره الشك)) but as يشم فأرا
5-poetry:
Translating poetry is very critical and irksome mainly because of its metaphoric to emotional aspect, in addition we need to analyses the words, meaning and after the flow and rhythm (or rhyme).
The difficulty of poetic translation leads many to think that the translator of poetry must himself be a poet otherwise he should not dare to square the circle!
Poetry can be translated by those who have deep interest in poetry and who possess the poetic feel and sensation.
Poetry
لنزار القباني
Is that the light of your eyes .
Or is it the light of two stars?
No one can see me but you can.
ضوء عينيك أم هما نجمتان
كلهم لا يرى ......وأنت تراني .
Al- Gahadh say:
''poetry cannot be translated, nor should it paraphrased, for once so transported its order is disrupted, its meter fractured, its beauty lost, its points of novelity and delight devalued, and it becomes as ordinary prose''
''الشعر لا يستطاع أن يترجم, ولا يجوز عليه النقل, ومتى حول تتقطع نظمه, وبطل وزنه,وذهب حسنه,وسقط موضع التعجب منه , وصار كالكلام المنثور."
الجاحظ
6-Respect to punctuation conventions.
7-proper noun name of people, organizations, and places.
As well as FBI =Federal Bureau of Investigations .
WTO=World Trade Organization
PNA= Palestinian National Authority..
8-Metaphorical Expression:
Our Arabic language is rich by metaphorical expressions because it make the text or speech more eloquence and fluent, however, when we want to translate it in to English we face a big problem because its impossible to translate the metaphorical expressions literally, but we can translate what the writer mean by this expression
For example:
ارتعش الحجاب "الماكسي جيب " فوق تضاريس جسدها المدهش..
((تضاريس جسدها))
When translate
Literally ((relief of her body))
In this case translation will be non acceptable because word '' relief'' use to describe the nature not the human ……,but the best translate is ''details of her body''.
9-specification the gender:
When the text is unfinished we face a difficulty to specify gender of the character in (SL)….((if he is male or female)).
10-Archaic Arabic and Archaic English :
We mean by this point the historical distance between (SL) and (TL) either in Arabic language or English language.
For example: Shakespeare
He had a special style and language call by ''English's Shakespeare so that there are difficulties face primary translator because he has a limited knowledge about
"English literature".
There's nothing so become a man as modest stillness.
Shakespeare
Two example: from standard Arabic.
" حصن علمك من العجب, ووقارك من الكبر, وعطاءك من السرف, وصرامتك من العجله ,وعفوك من تعطيل الحدود,وصمتك من العي , واستماعك من سؤ الفهم, واستئناسك من البذاءة , وخلواتك من الإضاعة , وغرماتك من اللجــاجة , وروغاتك من الاستسلام , وخدارتك من الجبـــن ".
Whereas this text refer to archaic Arabic ,
The translator find a problem here as a result multi-dialect in addition less use standard Arabic
1-Untranslatability:
The problem of untranslatability between Arabic and English is very obvious due to the fact that both languages are culturally and linguistically distant Arabic is Semitic language, whereas English is an Indo-European language.
Translation from classical Arabic to modern English may even pose more untranslable possibilities.
Nida (1964:160) argues that ''where the linguistic and cultural distances between source and receptor codes are least, one should expect to encounter the least number of serious problems''. Thus, one should expect a greater of untranslatability between Arabic and English.
2- culture different
Culture is complex collection of experiences, which includes history, social norms, religion….etc.
A good translator needs to be not only bilingual but also bi cultural, because culture effect vocabulary and structure.
In addition a good translator should trace cultural points and project them in the translated work.
Even the climate has its input in translation.
Just compare the sentence ''This news has warmed my heart' 'and its version in Arabic:
لقد أثلجت صدري بهذا الخبر
When you translate, you should read between the lines, looking for cultural a speech.
For example:
Snow is a part of the Eskimos life. There are different words to identify different kinds of snow.
طلق الرجل زوجته بالثلاثة وحرص على أن تصلها ورقتها في أقرب وقت.
The wife got an absolute (irrevocable) divorce by her husband who made sure the she received her bill of divorce as soon as possible.
For example
Love me, love my dog.
In translation this proverb ….the translator should be careful …because literally translation is unacceptable in Arabic culture
أحبني أحب كلبي and it form a big an insult for Arabic people…
But we can solve this problem by finding a fit equivalence in
لأجل الورد ينسقى العليق Arabic language and culture such as :
The lexical and semantic differences :
The lexical and semantic differences between
Arabic and English constitute a major problem in the translating process. Thus, translators are required to pay meticulous attention to word selection and semantic relations between the two languages.
For example:
The problem here is not with Arabic as much it is with English.
English is loaded with meaning. A word in English can refer to different unrelated things as in the following examples:
Spring 1- A place where water comes naturally from the ). ground
2- The season between winter and summer.
3- A length of metal wound a round, which tends to push, pull, or twist against a force and return to its original shape
Bank 1- where people deposit their money .
2-the riverside.
4- idioms: one of the problems we have with idioms is that we cannot guess the meaning from the word they contain. For example:
But as يحرق القوارب ''To burn the boats'' is not translated as also ((To smell a rat)) is not translated as
((يقطع خط الرجعة))
. (( يساوره الشك)) but as يشم فأرا
5-poetry:
Translating poetry is very critical and irksome mainly because of its metaphoric to emotional aspect, in addition we need to analyses the words, meaning and after the flow and rhythm (or rhyme).
The difficulty of poetic translation leads many to think that the translator of poetry must himself be a poet otherwise he should not dare to square the circle!
Poetry can be translated by those who have deep interest in poetry and who possess the poetic feel and sensation.
Poetry
لنزار القباني
Is that the light of your eyes .
Or is it the light of two stars?
No one can see me but you can.
ضوء عينيك أم هما نجمتان
كلهم لا يرى ......وأنت تراني .
Al- Gahadh say:
''poetry cannot be translated, nor should it paraphrased, for once so transported its order is disrupted, its meter fractured, its beauty lost, its points of novelity and delight devalued, and it becomes as ordinary prose''
''الشعر لا يستطاع أن يترجم, ولا يجوز عليه النقل, ومتى حول تتقطع نظمه, وبطل وزنه,وذهب حسنه,وسقط موضع التعجب منه , وصار كالكلام المنثور."
الجاحظ
6-Respect to punctuation conventions.
7-proper noun name of people, organizations, and places.
As well as FBI =Federal Bureau of Investigations .
WTO=World Trade Organization
PNA= Palestinian National Authority..
8-Metaphorical Expression:
Our Arabic language is rich by metaphorical expressions because it make the text or speech more eloquence and fluent, however, when we want to translate it in to English we face a big problem because its impossible to translate the metaphorical expressions literally, but we can translate what the writer mean by this expression
For example:
ارتعش الحجاب "الماكسي جيب " فوق تضاريس جسدها المدهش..
((تضاريس جسدها))
When translate
Literally ((relief of her body))
In this case translation will be non acceptable because word '' relief'' use to describe the nature not the human ……,but the best translate is ''details of her body''.
9-specification the gender:
When the text is unfinished we face a difficulty to specify gender of the character in (SL)….((if he is male or female)).
10-Archaic Arabic and Archaic English :
We mean by this point the historical distance between (SL) and (TL) either in Arabic language or English language.
For example: Shakespeare
He had a special style and language call by ''English's Shakespeare so that there are difficulties face primary translator because he has a limited knowledge about
"English literature".
There's nothing so become a man as modest stillness.
Shakespeare
Two example: from standard Arabic.
" حصن علمك من العجب, ووقارك من الكبر, وعطاءك من السرف, وصرامتك من العجله ,وعفوك من تعطيل الحدود,وصمتك من العي , واستماعك من سؤ الفهم, واستئناسك من البذاءة , وخلواتك من الإضاعة , وغرماتك من اللجــاجة , وروغاتك من الاستسلام , وخدارتك من الجبـــن ".
Whereas this text refer to archaic Arabic ,
The translator find a problem here as a result multi-dialect in addition less use standard Arabic
» إلى متى ؟ للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» روعة عدم اللقاء للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» سؤال مُحيّري للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» مقابر الذكريات للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» شهادات وفاة ، وسرادقات عزاء للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» الموندِيـال العائلي .. للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» صناعة مجرم للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» هل كلنا صائمون؟! للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» كيف تصنع أعداءك ليُصبح لهم دورٌ حيويٌ في حياتك؟ للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» الضوء الشارد لكن بإدراك مختلف للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» لقد آن أوان الفطام للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» أنت والمحيط للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» الفم ..دار البلسم للدكتورة مها شحاته
» فلسفة الخُطة وفن التواصل للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» من أقوال المفكر والمحاضر العالمي د. إبراهيم الفقي للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» إدراكات ولكن ليست كالإدراكات ! للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» في صحبة عالم ( جولة حول الدولة ) للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» إدراك شخصي عن نموذج للتميز والامتياز البشري للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» أهكذا قسم الترجمة