Translation
Translation: refer to the transfer and transposition of a written text from a source language (SL) into a target language (TL). the following two definitions of translation are worth noting:
Newmark (1981:7)views translation as a craft in which the translator aims to ''replace a written message and statement in one language by the same message ,statement in another language'' while Nida (1964:166) defines translation as ''a reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the message of the source language; first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style''.
General Types of Translation
1-Inter-lingual Translation: It refers to the transfer at meaning between language that have verbal systems, such as Arabic and English.
2-Inter-semiotic Translation: ((semiotics a system of signs use for communication))
It refers to the transfer of meaning from one language with verbal signs into signs or semiotic systems of communication .
3-intra-lingual Translation: It refers to the transfer of meaning which occurs with in the same language.
Qualifications of Translator
1-competency or proficiency in at least two language.
2-must know the system (Grammar, phonology, etc) of the language dealt with.
3-must have sufficient knowledge of the culture of the language dealt with.
4-must always be updated.
5-Experience.
6-personal merits, faithful , patience , fairness.
The translated version must be absolutely accurate in meaning, it must also contain all the nuances and implications (hidden meaning) of the original text in a very clear and understand able from of language.
Levels of Translation
1-Translation at the word level : translators deal with meaning of individual word, depending on the dictionary meaning.
2-Translation at the sentence level: translators deal with overall total meaning of sentences, not word, as understood by source language readers.
3-Translation at the paragraph level: translators deal with the overall meaning of paragraph, not sentences a word.
Types of Translation
Business Translation
In Business translation, a translator is responsible for translating any sort of document used in the business world such as correspondence, company accounts, transactions, contracts, tender documents, reports, budgeting, etc. Business translation requires specialist translators with knowledge of terminology used in business, administration, economics, finance, accounting and banking. Dictionaries of business terms are very helpful since they provide detailed explanations of business terms, symbols, and abbreviations which may not be known by translators. Translators are required to know the nature, traditions, and styles of business texts in both SL and TL.
Legal Translation
Legal translation requires a very careful treatment because any translation mistake may lead to very disastrous consequences. The kinds of legal texts dealt with are usually very sensitive, valuable and have very precise meanings such as contracts, constitutions, court and trial documents, treaties. Legal texts are different from one culture to another. So a legal translator needs to acquire an excellent understanding of both the source and target cultures. The translator is also required to know deeply the SL and TL legal systems or at least he or she should consult a legal specialist to proofread and review his or her translation.
Religious Translation
Religious texts are highly appreciated and venerated by all people and nations. So, any translation of religious texts must be done by very knowledgeable and experienced translators whose purpose of translation is to transfer the SL meaning very faithfully and professionally. There is no room for freedom or manipulation in the translation of religious texts because they are sacred and each single word or expression must be accounted for in the translating process. In fact, the best translation of religious texts, such as the Qur'an and the Bible, should be carried out by a group of professional translators, not invidiviusals so that their translation can convey the SL original message accurately and effectively.
Media Translation
Media translation refers to the translation of all mass media texts and documents such as newspapers, magazines, TV documentaries, news reports. Media translation is the most common and frequently carried out type of translation. Major world news are translated into world languages at the same time of occurrence or after a very short period of time. In media translation, translators are required to possess certain qualities and skills such as faithfulness (truthfulness), speed, journalistic background, and professional experience. Media translators are likely to encounter various types of texts in areas like arts, science, sports, cinema, economics, etc. therefore, it is very important that media translators should have a thorough and wide understanding of terminologies and idioms used in various fields and disciplines.
Technical Translation
Technical translation refers to the translation of specialized and particular fields, subjects, sciences, and professions. Technical texts may include medical, scientific, electrical, electronic, nautical, military, engineering and etc. Technical translators are not only required to master both the SL and TL, they should also be specialized or familiar with the technical knowledge of the texts to be translated. For example, a good medical translation is the one which is conducted by a medical specialist who is also competent in both SL and TL. However, technical knowledge itself alone is not enough; mastering language skills such as reading and writing is extremely needed to enable the translator to convey technical content and message from one language into another in a clear, accurate, and precise manner.
Literary Translation
Arabic style: literary text include a small units ,every one units independent , so that Arabic language , and other languages call in English (atomic language).
Translator of literary can’t be competent until feel as original author felt to relieve the original author experiment.
Literary translation refers generally to the translation of literature such as novels, poetry, stories , plays , prose , etc.
For example :
تعظم في عين الصغير صغارها
وتصغر في عين العظيم العظائم
Translation
small acts loom in the eyes of small men;
and might deeds seem as nothing in the eyes of the great!
With best regards.
Translation: refer to the transfer and transposition of a written text from a source language (SL) into a target language (TL). the following two definitions of translation are worth noting:
Newmark (1981:7)views translation as a craft in which the translator aims to ''replace a written message and statement in one language by the same message ,statement in another language'' while Nida (1964:166) defines translation as ''a reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the message of the source language; first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style''.
General Types of Translation
1-Inter-lingual Translation: It refers to the transfer at meaning between language that have verbal systems, such as Arabic and English.
2-Inter-semiotic Translation: ((semiotics a system of signs use for communication))
It refers to the transfer of meaning from one language with verbal signs into signs or semiotic systems of communication .
3-intra-lingual Translation: It refers to the transfer of meaning which occurs with in the same language.
Qualifications of Translator
1-competency or proficiency in at least two language.
2-must know the system (Grammar, phonology, etc) of the language dealt with.
3-must have sufficient knowledge of the culture of the language dealt with.
4-must always be updated.
5-Experience.
6-personal merits, faithful , patience , fairness.
The translated version must be absolutely accurate in meaning, it must also contain all the nuances and implications (hidden meaning) of the original text in a very clear and understand able from of language.
Levels of Translation
1-Translation at the word level : translators deal with meaning of individual word, depending on the dictionary meaning.
2-Translation at the sentence level: translators deal with overall total meaning of sentences, not word, as understood by source language readers.
3-Translation at the paragraph level: translators deal with the overall meaning of paragraph, not sentences a word.
Types of Translation
Business Translation
In Business translation, a translator is responsible for translating any sort of document used in the business world such as correspondence, company accounts, transactions, contracts, tender documents, reports, budgeting, etc. Business translation requires specialist translators with knowledge of terminology used in business, administration, economics, finance, accounting and banking. Dictionaries of business terms are very helpful since they provide detailed explanations of business terms, symbols, and abbreviations which may not be known by translators. Translators are required to know the nature, traditions, and styles of business texts in both SL and TL.
Legal Translation
Legal translation requires a very careful treatment because any translation mistake may lead to very disastrous consequences. The kinds of legal texts dealt with are usually very sensitive, valuable and have very precise meanings such as contracts, constitutions, court and trial documents, treaties. Legal texts are different from one culture to another. So a legal translator needs to acquire an excellent understanding of both the source and target cultures. The translator is also required to know deeply the SL and TL legal systems or at least he or she should consult a legal specialist to proofread and review his or her translation.
Religious Translation
Religious texts are highly appreciated and venerated by all people and nations. So, any translation of religious texts must be done by very knowledgeable and experienced translators whose purpose of translation is to transfer the SL meaning very faithfully and professionally. There is no room for freedom or manipulation in the translation of religious texts because they are sacred and each single word or expression must be accounted for in the translating process. In fact, the best translation of religious texts, such as the Qur'an and the Bible, should be carried out by a group of professional translators, not invidiviusals so that their translation can convey the SL original message accurately and effectively.
Media Translation
Media translation refers to the translation of all mass media texts and documents such as newspapers, magazines, TV documentaries, news reports. Media translation is the most common and frequently carried out type of translation. Major world news are translated into world languages at the same time of occurrence or after a very short period of time. In media translation, translators are required to possess certain qualities and skills such as faithfulness (truthfulness), speed, journalistic background, and professional experience. Media translators are likely to encounter various types of texts in areas like arts, science, sports, cinema, economics, etc. therefore, it is very important that media translators should have a thorough and wide understanding of terminologies and idioms used in various fields and disciplines.
Technical Translation
Technical translation refers to the translation of specialized and particular fields, subjects, sciences, and professions. Technical texts may include medical, scientific, electrical, electronic, nautical, military, engineering and etc. Technical translators are not only required to master both the SL and TL, they should also be specialized or familiar with the technical knowledge of the texts to be translated. For example, a good medical translation is the one which is conducted by a medical specialist who is also competent in both SL and TL. However, technical knowledge itself alone is not enough; mastering language skills such as reading and writing is extremely needed to enable the translator to convey technical content and message from one language into another in a clear, accurate, and precise manner.
Literary Translation
Arabic style: literary text include a small units ,every one units independent , so that Arabic language , and other languages call in English (atomic language).
Translator of literary can’t be competent until feel as original author felt to relieve the original author experiment.
Literary translation refers generally to the translation of literature such as novels, poetry, stories , plays , prose , etc.
For example :
تعظم في عين الصغير صغارها
وتصغر في عين العظيم العظائم
Translation
small acts loom in the eyes of small men;
and might deeds seem as nothing in the eyes of the great!
With best regards.
» إلى متى ؟ للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» روعة عدم اللقاء للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» سؤال مُحيّري للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» مقابر الذكريات للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» شهادات وفاة ، وسرادقات عزاء للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» الموندِيـال العائلي .. للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» صناعة مجرم للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» هل كلنا صائمون؟! للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» كيف تصنع أعداءك ليُصبح لهم دورٌ حيويٌ في حياتك؟ للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» الضوء الشارد لكن بإدراك مختلف للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» لقد آن أوان الفطام للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» أنت والمحيط للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» الفم ..دار البلسم للدكتورة مها شحاته
» فلسفة الخُطة وفن التواصل للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» من أقوال المفكر والمحاضر العالمي د. إبراهيم الفقي للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» إدراكات ولكن ليست كالإدراكات ! للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» في صحبة عالم ( جولة حول الدولة ) للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» إدراك شخصي عن نموذج للتميز والامتياز البشري للدكتورة مها محمد شحاته
» أهكذا قسم الترجمة